This was the question recently debated at St. Louis' Powell Symphony Hall by antitheist author, journalist and philosopher Christopher Hitchens and Dinesh D'Souza, a Christian and former policy analyst for the Reagan administration. Rather than give a blow by blow account of how the debate went, I'll just note some of the highlights and hope that some of you who were there will fill in anything important that I've left out.
One thing that struck me was how passionate Hitchens was in defense of his self-described "antitheism". With voice raised, and with an occasional pounding of his podium, he posited that religion is responsible for every major societal ill that the world faces and suggested that emancipation from religion is the fundamental emancipation that the mind must undergo. The point at which society will become "civilized" is when the populace points their fingers into the faces of their pastors and priests and declare, "I don't believe a word of what you say, and you can't make me." He blamed religion for every master-slave relationship that the world has known; and he offered N. Korea as an example of a hellish place made so by its leader's religious ideology (apparently Kim Jong-Il believes that he is the reincarnation of his long-dead father).
D'Souza quickly pointed out that N. Korea and Cuba were two of the last bastions of communism (left out China for some reason) and were still hellish places as a result of communism's attempt to mandate an atheistic worldview. In other words, it wasn't religion, but the attempt to wipe it out that resulted in the inhumane places that those countries have become. He also asked Hitchens how one accounts for the existence of morality in a Darwinistic worldview - a question that Hitchens never answered. In fact, when D'Souza pointed out that he failed to answer the question and the audience (or part of it) responded with applause, Hitchens angrily came out from behind his podium, walked to the edge of the stage and demanded that anyone who had just applauded explain how he'd failed to answer. A young man politely acquiesced but was interrupted by the moderator who suggested that audience interaction wasn't permitted at that particular time.
D'Souza wasn't without fault though. One of my gripes with him was his answer to this question: "How can you say that your God is good if he sends people like Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Albert Einstein (people who made significant contributions to society but were not confessing Christians) to hell?" Instead of giving a biblical explanation of "sin" and its odiousness to a holy God, he essentially said, "We can't know if God sent those people to hell." Obviously, in the strictest sense, that's true, but it was hardly a helpful answer.
In closing, what was perhaps most striking to me was that Hitchens' argument was not fundamentally a scientific one - it was a moral one. Freedom and autonomy were what drove him. He made this clear when he noted that he has several atheistic friends who were once "believing" people, either Christian, Muslim, Jew, etc.; and that these people will often wax nostalgic about the days when they believed, saying things like, "I wish I could believe again." He said that his response to them is, "Why?! Why?! Why would you want to be a slave?! Why would you want to be a servant?! Why would you want to be ruled?! Why live a servile, abject, groveling, fearful life?!" This was the bassnote that beat beneath every word he breathed. And in listening to him use words like "servant" and "slave" I longed that he come to understand the upside-downness of God's economy: "It shall not be so among you. But whoever would be great among you must be your servant. And whoever would be first among you must be your slave. Even as the Son of Man came not to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many" (Mt. 20:26-28). I longed for Hitchens to know the perfect patience of Christ as displayed in the life of Paul who wrote, "The saying is trustworthy and deserving of full acceptance, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, of whom I am the foremost. But I received mercy for this reason, that in me, as the foremost, Jesus Christ might display his perfect patience as an example to those who were to believe in him for eternal life" (I Tim. 1:15-16).